Nghiên cứu xây dựng tiêu chí đánh giá sự phù hợp của các dự án thủy điện với môi trường và áp dụng với các thủy điện trên dòng chính sông Mã tỉnh Thanh Hóa

Abstract

Hydroelectric is a main electrical source in Vietnam. Besides playing the main role in supporting the social-economic developments, hydroelectric is a clean power source that contributing to sustainable development as well as in the multi-objective use of water. Together with the undeniable benefits, the hydroelectric project also is the source of some phenomena such as the decrease of the area of wild forest, the reduction of agricultural land, the change of the natural flow of the rivers, the depletion in the lowlands. To have a basis for evaluating and selecting the hydroelectric projects, which may help to take the advantages as well as to reduce the disadvantages of the hydroelectric projects, it is necessary to have a list of environmental criteria that a hydroelectric project needs to fulfil. This paper is going to build a list of criteria to evaluate the conformity of a hydroelectric project to the environment, which may help in choosing a hydroelectric project in the decision-making process. In addition, the paper applies the proposed criteria into the hydroelectric projects in the mainstream of Ma river to suggest some solutions in order to reduce the bad effect of those hydroelectric projects on the environment.