Nghiên cứu đề xuất các giải pháp cấp nước sạch nông thôn vùng miền núi phía Bắc trong điều kiện biến đổi khí hậu và xây dựng nông thôn mới

Abstract

The northern mountainous region plays a very important role in socio-economic development, national defense and security, especially water security. The region has the topographic features of mountains, high slopes and highland areas and has more than 10 million people mostly living in rural areas. The areas are also home to many ethnic minority groups and still facing with difficulty in socio-economic development; thus, rural water supply for remote areas in the northern mountainous region is an important task to ensure social security. With the great efforts of the government, the living condition of the rural areas has changing.  The number of people having access to rural water supply in the Northern mountainous region has increased; however, there are still challenges including: (1) accessibility to safe water and centralized water supply schemes in remote areas and areas where ethnic minorities live is still low and this is much lower in compare with plain areas and urban areas; thus, specific efforts need to be made so that the poorest people can have access to clean water; (2) the number of water schemes which are in poor management and operation is still high;  (3) the water quality in many water schemes is not stable; (4) Poor management and operation of centralized water supply systems; (5) Still have challenges in safety and security of water resources caused by natural disasters (drought, water shortage, flash floods, landslide, environmental pollution).

 In order to maintain the achieved results as well as to promote the socio-economic development and to overcome the above-mentioned challenges, it is necessary to review and evaluate the role of all economic sectors in the relationship with the development of rural water supply. This will help to achieve public policy results and to make greater improvements in the rural water supply sector in line with the characteristics of the Northern mountainous areas.