THE EFFECT OF COBALT-60 GAMMA-RAY RADIATION DOSE ON THE SURVIVAL RATE AND THE GROWTH OF Petunia hybrida IN VITRO

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of gamma radiation on the survival sample rate, shoot generation, and the growth of two different irradiated materials of petunia in vitro, as a basis to create many materials for breeding. In the experiment, in vitro callus samples and petunia shoots of pink single - flower and white stamens petunia variety were irradiated by different doses of gamma-ray from 0 Gy to 80 Gy. The results showed that, for in vitro callus samples, the higher the radiation dose, the lower the growth of shoots decreased. In the 40 Gy irradiation dose, some of the shoots had a distinct morphological difference from the other irradiation intensities. The samples died completely at 60 and 80 Gy. For leaf samples from irradiated in vitro petunia plant, the higher the irradiated dose, the higher the survival and shoot formation rate decreased, but the observed growth criteria increased. The survival rate at 60 Gy irradiation intensity was 55.56%, the shoots had the highest number of leaves formation, leaf length, and height of shoots, and their shapes were different from the others. The sample died completely at an irradiation intensity of 80 Gy.