The activities of going as envoys and welcoming the Ambassadors in diplomatic relations of Vietnam - China in the Nguyen dynasty (1802-1885)

Abstract

Abstract: Continuing diplomatic traditions to China, the Nguyen dynasty certainly inherited about the formula of going as envoys and welcoming the ambassadors from the previous feudal dynasties. However, in the Nguyen dynasty, going as envoys and welcome to the ambassadors were raised in a higher level with very specific provisions on the purpose, commission, route of going as envoys, ranks of the ambassadors, pay-off mode, the preparation, reception of the Thanh ambassadors and the ritual of the great ceremonies. Achievements of these activities contributed significantly to create the pacific diplomacy between the two countries in the 19^th century.