Tạp chí Khoa học Trường Đại học Quốc tế Hồng Bàng
Tạp chí của Trường đại học Quốc tế Hồng Bàng
CẢI TIẾN MÔ HÌNH Che-COKB DỰA TRÊN TÍCH HỢP BÀI TOÁN MẪU (SAMPLE PROBLEMS)
Biểu diễn tri thức bằng phương pháp ontology đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc thiết kế hệ cơ sở tri thức và các hệ giải toán thông minh. Mô hình Che-COKB là một biến thể từ mô hình COKB phù hợp cho miền tri thức nguyên tố hoá học nhờ lược bỏ thành phần toán tử và mở rộng tập sự kiện lên mười lăm loại. Tuy nhiên, khi suy luận giải các bài toán trong thực tế, các bước suy luận khi giải các bài toán trước đó có thể được tái sử dụng thay vì suy luận hoàn toàn từ đầu. Bài báo này đề xuất mô hình Che-COKB-SP bằng cách bổ sung thành phần bài toán mẫu nhằm mô phỏng cơ chế suy luận dựa trên kinh nghiệm của con người. Mỗi bài toán mẫu được biểu diễn dưới dạng tập giả thiết và chuỗi suy luận tương ứng, cho phép hệ thống nhận diện và tái sử dụng các quy trình giải phù hợp. Trên cơ sở đó, một cơ chế suy luận kết hợp giữa luật và bài toán mẫu được xây dựng và tích hợp vào hệ thống hiện có. Mô hình được đánh giá trên các nhóm bài toán phổ biến cho thấy phương pháp đề xuất giúp giảm số bước suy luận, cải thiện thời gian xử lý và nâng cao tính tự nhiên của lời giải.
KIẾN THỨC VÀ THÁI ĐỘ CỦA BÀ MẸ TRONG XỬ TRÍ VÀNG DA SƠ SINH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN COLUMBIA ASIA NĂM 2026
Đặt vấn đề: Vàng da sơ sinh thường gặp trong những ngày đầu sau sinh, đa số là sinh lý nhưng có thể nguy hiểm nếu không phát hiện và xử trí kịp thời; kiến thức và thái độ của bà mẹ đóng vai trò quan trọng trong nhận biết ban đầu. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Đánh giá thực trạng kiến thức và thái độ xử trí về vàng da sơ sinh của bà mẹ tại Bệnh viện Quốc tế Columbia Asia Bình Dương năm 2026. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 110 bà mẹ có con dưới 28 ngày tuổi; sử dụng bộ câu hỏi dựa trên hướng dẫn Bộ Y tế, độ tin cậy Cronbach’s alpha = 0.783. Kết quả: 45.5% bà mẹ có kiến thức đúng về vàng da sơ sinh; 34.1% biết nhận biết bằng ấn da. Về thái độ, 75.5% đưa trẻ đi khám ngay; 11.4% chọn tắm nắng và 9.1% tiếp tục theo dõi tại nhà. Kết luận: Kiến thức của bà mẹ còn hạn chế dù đa số có thái độ tích cực. Cần tăng cường giáo dục sức khỏe, đặc biệt trong chương trình tiền sản, nhằm nâng cao nhận biết sớm và loại bỏ quan niệm sai lầm như tắm nắng.
Establishment of quality standards for Morinda citrifolia L. Rubiaceae harvested at Mephydica Co., LTD.
Background: Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) is widely used in tradiƟonal medicine for health support; however, quanƟtaƟve scienƟfic data on its acƟve consƟtuents remain limited. Previous studies have shown that flavonoids, polyphenols, coumarins, and scopoleƟn contribute to the biological acƟviƟes of Noni fruit, but their contents are strongly influenced by raw material origin, ripeness, and processing methods. The absence of quality and dosage standardizaƟon may affect therapeuƟc effecƟveness and safety. ObjecƟve: This study aimed to perform preliminary phytochemical screening, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and quanƟtaƟve determinaƟon of total flavonoids, total polyphenols, and scopoleƟn in Noni fruit. Materials and methods: Noni fruits were collected from Mephydica Co., Ltd. The chemical composiƟon was evaluated using preliminary phytochemical screening and TLC. Total flavonoid content (TFC) and total polyphenol content (TPC) were determined using the aluminum chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respecƟvely. ScopoleƟn was quanƟfied by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of diverse bioacƟve compounds, including coumarins, saponins, and reducing agents. TLC analysis showed a chromatographic spot corresponding to the scopoleƟn reference standard. The TFC of the methanolic extract was 25.232 ± 0.023 mg QE/g dry extract, while the TPC was 6.413 ± 0.112 mg GAE/g dry extract. The scopoleƟn content was determined as 1.636 ± 0.05 mg/g dry extract. Conclusion: The study provides quanƟtaƟve data on flavonoids, polyphenols, and scopoleƟn in methanolic extracts of Noni fruit, supporƟng its tradiƟonal use and contribuƟng to quality standardizaƟon and future applied research.
A study on the association between social media use and stress levels in students at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy in 2025
Background: The rapid increase in social media use among university students has raised concerns about mental health, parƟcularly stress. ObjecƟve: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of stress and its associated factors related to social media use among students at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy in 2025. Material and method: A descripƟve cross-secƟonal study was conducted on 1,052 undergraduate and bridging program students during the 2024 - 2025 academic year. Data were collected using a self-administered quesƟonnaire, and stress levels were assessed using the validated Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). LogisƟc regression analysis was performed to idenƟfy staƟsƟcally significant associated factors. Results: The findings showed that 78.7% of students experienced stress, including 19.2% with mild, 42.0% with moderate, and 17.5% with severe levels. Female students were more likely to experience stress than males. Regular students had a 2.43-fold higher risk of stress compared to bridging students, while first and second-year students had a 1.5-fold higher risk than senior students. Single students were 2.08 Ɵmes more likely to experience stress than married students. Factors related to social media use associated with higher stress included starƟng use aŌer entering university (p = 0.042), using more than 6 hours per day (p = 0.009), using more than five applicaƟons (p = 0.039), and using social media before sleep (p < 0.001), during study (p = 0.004), during meals (p < 0.001) and in leisure Ɵme (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Stress is a prevalent mental health issue among health science students and is significantly influenced by individual and social media use behaviors.
Assessment of masticatory performance: Current methods and clinical applications
Background: Masticatory performance is a key indicator of oral function and the success of prosthodontic rehabilitation, particularly in paƟents with tooth loss. Reduced masƟcatory function can impair food comminution and negatively affect digestion and quality of life. Properly designed dental prostheses can restore masticatory efficiency by optimizing force distribution, enhancing food fragmentation, and improving coordination within the masticatory system, whereas poorly fitting prostheses may compromise function and comfort. Consequently, the assessment of masticatory performance has become an essential parameter in evaluating functional recovery following prosthetic treatment. Review context: MasƟcatory performance is defined as the degree of food comminution achieved under standardized conditions, distinct from masƟcatory efficiency, which refers to the number of chewing cycles required to reach a specific masƟcatory outcome. Current assessment methods include both subjective and objective approaches. Subjective methods rely on quesƟonnaires and self-reported measures to capture paƟents' perceived chewing ability, while objective methods quantitatively evaluate food comminution or mixing ability using standardized natural or artificial test foods. Common objective techniques include food comminution tests, two-colored gum or wax mixing tests, glucose dissolution analysis and gummy jellybased assessments. Conclusion: Given that no single method fully captures all dimensions of masticatory function, a combined use of subjective and objective assessments is recommended to provide a comprehensive evaluation in both clinical and research settings.
Application of artificial intelligence to build a security control software system in local military units
This paper introduces the application of artificial intelligence to build a security control software system in local military units. This software system uses state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (CNN SOTA) for facial recognition by testing two of the best facial recognition models currently available: the FaceNet model and the VGGFace model. Through testing on the proposed hardware, the FaceNet model meets the accuracy and speed requirements for practical application. The software includes multiple identity management categories to ensure information security and monitor the access of soldiers and other individuals. Additionally, the software features access management functions for protected areas, allowing for audio and visual alerts to ensure safety and security in those areas. The software also enables users to set up connections with other devices for efficient data collection and processing. Simultaneously, it supports synchronized data connection to help users save time and effort in managing information. Moreover, the software includes user-friendly interfaces and customizable settings, ensuring ease of use and adaptability to the specific needs of each military unit. this software system provides a comprehensive and effective solution for ensuring security and monitoring access in local military units. By leveraging artificial intelligence, the system can adapt and improve over time, offering enhanced performance and capabilities to meet the evolving security needs of military organizations. The innovative approach presented in this paper has the potential to significantly improve the overall security and efficiency of local military units, contributing to the safety and well-being of both military personnel and the communities they serve.
Multi - response optimization of injection molding process parameters using moldex 3D
The research is an approach to multi - response optimization of injection molding process parameters. In this author uses Moldex 3D to analyse the injection molding process. The experiments are plotted using L9 orthogonal array, which is generated with the help of DOE module in Moldex3D software. The process parameters melt temperature, packing time, Max. packing pressure are optimized by multiple response consideration of max cooling time and warpage. With the help of Moldex 3D software, the desirability function analysis optimal values of process parameters are obtained. The analysis shows optimized process parameters combination of melt temperature, packing time and max- packing pressure which are 250 oC, 6s, and 140 Mpa respectively. The confirm run results show that by this injection molding machine performance can be improved. However, the future work should be needed to analyze multi cavity molding for the part which is more appliable before we can make the real run.
Cooling channel design for improving quality of injection plastic product
Injection molding is the most widely used technique for making the related plastic parts for consumer electronics goods with limited lifespans, like mobile phones, which are growing more and more popular. The molten plastic beads must be injected into a mold cavity, cooled, then part-formed and ejected. Filling, packing, cooling, and ejection are the four key steps in an injection molding process. The length of the molding cycle affects how economical the procedure is. The cooling step is the most crucial of the three since it controls how quickly are produced. Otherwise, cooling systems are important for the injection molding process in terms of productivity, quality, and mold-making costs. In this paper, three conformal cooling channel designs are proposed for obtaining uniform cooling over the molded parts. The research is conducted by using CAE software (MOLDEX 3D) to simulate the injection process and compare the results of three conformal cooling channel designs with molded part cooling by moldbase. All three designs show that warpage and cycle time improve significantly, helping to decrease cost and increase productivity. In which the combination of a conformal cooling channel outside and a baffle cooling channel significantly reduces the warpage.
Effects of plant growth regulators and basal media on Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.'s shoot multiplication
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. belonging to the genus Atractylodes is a high-value medical plant with more than 79 phytochemical components. However, few studies about the miropropagation protocol of this species are conducted in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of some PGRs and basal media on Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz's in vitro shoot multiplication viewed as the most critical stage in the miropropagation protocol. In this study, stem nodes with dorminant shoots were cultured on different media after selecting an optimized medium from experiments supplemented with BA in combination with IBA with different concentrations. After four weeks of culture, the highest number of shoots on MS medium containing 1 mg/L BA in combination with 0.3 mg/L IBA was 2.18 shoots/explant. Interestingly, the optimized medium for AM's in vitro shoot proliferation was 1/2MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BA in combination with 0.3 mg/L IBA. The highest number of shoots reached at 14.5 shoots/explant being more than 4 times compared to the results of the previous studies. The result significantly contributes to the efficient micropropagation of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. for comercial production.
Exploring the skin whitening properties of natural products: A comprehensive review
Natural products have been gaining popularity in recent years as a safe skin-safe alternative solution to synthetic products on the market. In particular, natural ingredients have been found to have skin-whitening properties by inhibiting melanin production and reducing hyperpigmentation. This review provides the analysis of some mechanisms and effectiveness of natural products in achieving even skin tone and reducing the appearance of dark spots. Several natural ingredients, such as chemical compounds in licorice root, green tea extract, and vitamin C, have been tested for their ability to reduce tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis, as well as for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In addition, the selection of uses and further research into the safety and effectiveness of natural products. Overall, natural products represent a safe and effective solution to achieving brighter, more radiant skin.
Test-retest reliability of the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ) in Vietnamese physical therapists
Background: The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) is one of the screening tools to assess pain or discomfort of musculoskeletal disorders. It is widely used in various occupational populations. Many previous studies investigated the reliability of the NMQ, but there are no evidences in Vietnam. Objective: This study evaluated the test-retest reliability of the question about trouble with the locomotive organs in the NMQ in Vietnamese physical therapists (VPTs). Materials and method: It was a cross-sectional study in 10 VPTs by a convenient sampling technique. An online questionnaire was distributed to all participants twice times with a 7-day interval. They reported their musculoskeletal disorders during the last 12 months and the last 7 days and been prevented from doing normal work because of their troubles. The test-retest reliability of dichotomous data produced by the NMQ was accessed by using the kappa coefficient (k) and the level of significance was set at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: Among 27 binary choice items, there were 5 items where k could not be computed as response were 100% negative on both testing occasions. Eight items showed not significant correlation poor to moderate agreement (k ≤ 0.40, p-value > 0.05). Fourteen items showed substantial to excellent test-retest reliability (k = 0.74-1.00, p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that the NMQ can be used with acceptable reliability for evaluating the musculoskeletal disorders and labour risks among VPTs.
Using interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) to orientate well-being improvement toward freshmen in the digital era
It is undeniable that during the learning journey in colleges and universities, along with the intense pressure of academic tasks and family commitments, undergraduates can be exposed to exacerbation and diagnoses of mental health problems, which may lead to their failure in learning performance and world view perception [1, p2]. Hence, this study will conduct a survey of 141 students to find out what the most popular problem is for freshmen and apply one aspect of IPT to 10 students to examine its efficacy. From this point, the results found will offer an inducement for the forthcoming application and adjustment in orientation or academic programs at the tertiary level.
Factors affecting language acquisition in the digital switch
These aspects motivational and affective effects of language learning have largely been neglected by researchers despite having a monumental influence on the acquisition of language. For this paper, I would like to address the roles of motivation and affective effects on second language acquisition by addressing the following questions: 1) What are the roles of motivation and affective effects in language acquisition? 2) What are the triggers of these effects and how they affect students learning process? 3) What can teachers do to raise or alleviate these effects for the betterment of language learning? For the first question, this paper will explore the role of motivation in language acquisition by using citations from Celce-Murcia, Brinton, & Snow (2014), Meniado (2019), Dörnyei, Z. (1990), etc. To answer the second question, the paper will discuss the prompts and input for various affective effects and their influence on students through Garrett & Young (2009). The effects on language would also be discussed using study by Pavlenko & Dewaele (2004), Dewaele (2005), Tran, Thu H. (2013) etc. For the final question, the paper will provide suggestions and approaches to address the motivational and affective elements of language acquisition from Celce-Murcia, Brinton, & Snow (2014) as well as tasks and strategies to raise motivation from both teachers and students Dörnyei (2003).
Japanese language learning motivation through interaction with native speakers: A case study
The research aims at investigating social-psychological orientations of HIUJLLs (Japanese Language Department learners of Hong Bang International University). A survey and a semi-structured interview are governed by 68 students ranging from 2nd to 4th academic year with various Japanese levels from elementary to advanced. Besides, SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) is employed to analyze the collected data by percentage, mean of frequency and standard deviation. As a result, the research reveals that participants are generally motivated at a very high level in interacting with native speakers both Japanese teachers and students. Also, students affirm that their learning with native speakers if well arranged and designed would result in intense motivation and inspiration for them to learn Japanese much harder. As a result, some recommendations are made for further preparation and arrangement of comprehensively structured settings for long-term interactions with native speakers in Japanese language teaching and studying methodology.
Using Google Forms as a tool to review and evaluate English grammar knowledge at Hong Bang International University
Learning outcomes assessment plays a significant role in teaching and learning, not only does it motivate learners but also provide information about how newly transmitted knowledge has been absorbed by learners. It is obviously true that both teachers and students require to adjust the content, teaching and learning methods to achieve the set goals. Using the Google Forms tool, teachers can easily assess students understanding in English Grammar classes at HIU. This study aims to explore the opinions of HIU students about the Google Form tool in reviewing and testing English Grammar knowledge. The research team used qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data from 94 first-year students of the English Language Department of Hong Bang International University. Specific methods for data collection are observations, interviews, and online surveys. Initial results show that the majority of students have positive comments about this assessment tool such as creating excitement, motivation, ease of use, receiving instant scores and feedback;in addition , students can self-test many times, which helps them memorize the content quickly. However, there are also a few students who believe that this tool is dependent on technology, limited to some types of exercises, and does not comprehensively foster students' creative and application skills.
A literature review of ERP system, challenges and opportunities of ERP implementation on organization
A for-profit organization believes that ERP (enterprise resource planning) system effectiveness can be achieved through long-term rather than short-term processes. Moreover, some large corporations benefit more than others from the use of ERP software. As a result, the ERP system is now live. This study aims to demonstrate the numerous benefits of effective ERP system implementation from the organization's infancy to maturity. In addition, the researcher and analyst investigate the ERP system's application in numerous businesses by analyzing and reviewing previous academic journals and research. This research employs a semi-systematic literature review as its methodology. In this research paper, the fundamental concept of the ERP system and its organizational benefits are discussed. From a review of the relevant literature, this study discusses the aforementioned statement using case studies to demonstrate the ERP experiences of various companies. This research also reveals that implementing the ERP system is regarded as one of the most challenging projects that require collaboration between ERP project members. Theoretically, there is no end date for ERP implementation, particularly after the system has been established and implemented.
The impact of service quality on customer satisfaction among generation Y: The case of fast food restaurants in Hanoi
Nowadays, the growth of the service sector has played an essential role in the world's economy. As a result of increasing income in developing countries, the "hollowing out effect" emphasizes economic activities converting from the agriculture and manufacturing sectors to service. Cooking a meal at home has become harder than planning an eating-out activity. In this busy modern world, customers tend to choose "eating out" when they do not have time to prepare a meal. Hence, the restaurant industry is thriving. As a result, better knowledge of perceived customer satisfaction with service quality in the region will bring various potential benefits for both markets and managers. This study aims to explore the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction among Generation Fast Foods in Hanoi. The study was carried out by surveying 181 individual customers who are Gen Y and have been using fast food services at fast food stores in Hanoi and using the SERVQUAL model with 5 independent variables: Tangibility, Responsiveness, Assurance, Reliability, and Empathy. The results of testing the hypotheses and models show that the relationship between the factors influencing the perception of service quality at the store is empathy, assurance, and reliability. Based on the research results obtained, several recommendations are made to help improve service quality, thereby attracting customers to use the service at the store.
Effective project monitoring for ERP implementation success: A case study in a S&M company in Vietnam
This research paper shed a light on the challenges faced during the implementation of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in an organization, with a specific focus on project management and project monitoring. This paper also presents a case study of a company in Vietnam that experienced difficulties during the go-live phase of their ERP implementation due to poor project monitoring. The objective of the research is to identify these challenges and propose a solution to resolve the ineffective project monitoring. By doing that, the paper highlights the importance of effective project monitoring in ensuring the success of ERP implementation projects. The results of implementing the proposed solution are promising, as demonstrated by a reduction in completion time, elimination of late delivery days, and effective management of resource deviation. These outcomes illustrate the potential for improving project efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring successful ERP system implementation. Overall, this research provides valuable insights and best practices for organizations embarking on ERP system implementations, offering guidance on overcoming challenges and achieving a smooth and successful go-live phase.
Project management for start-up businesses in F&B industry: A case study for milk tea shop in Vietnam
Milk tea or Bubble tea is currently growing and becoming entirely developed. Through our investigation into how milk tea shops are constructed nowadays, we discovered that there are no precise plans for handling and building projects; instead, milk tea shops are merely created and controlled using manual solutions. Therefore, we utilize Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) to separate and organize work objects throughout the project scope to address this issue. WBS also aids in minimizing project risks and job-related variations with the person in charge of that activity. Moreover, we used Microsoft Project software to effectively plan, organize, and finish the construction of a milk tea establishment in compliance with the initial budget and schedule. By doing this, we can better understand how to design and manage a project and ensure its success.
Forecasting market demand using ARIMA and Holt - Winter method: A case study on canned fruit production company
Consumer demand is an important factor in any business, especially in the food retail industry whose products are perishable and have a short life cycle. The daily demand for a food product is affected by external factors, such as seasonality, price reduction and holidays. To satisfy the stochastic demand, product characteristics vary with customer are required to be timely updated based on market dynamicity. According to previous research, to choose suitable forecasting model is the main concern of enterprises on demand management issue. Proper demand forecasting provides organization with valuable information regarding their prospective in their current market, allowing to make appropriated production portfolio. By applying ARIMA and Holt-Winter, this paper aims to forecast the canned fruit demand at a specific company to help them eliminate waste of lean related to production and distribution. Results are evaluated according to forecasting errors (MAD, MSE, MAPE). By comparing the aforementioned methods, it can be concluded that ARIMA outperforms Holt-Winter related to prediction accuracy.
Development of a predictive model for FIC index of meropenem-colistin combination against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii represents a critical antimicrobial resistance challenge in Vietnamese healthcare settings, with carbapenem resistance rates reaching 55-90%. Traditional checkerboard methodology for evaluating antibiotic combinations requires substantial time and resources, limiting routine application in research settings. Objective: To develop a predictive model for the FIC index of meropenem-colistin combination based on MIC values. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study on 61 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains (6/2022 - 12/2022). MICs were determined by broth microdilution, and synergy was evaluated through FIC index. Eight regression models were compared using 80/20 train-test split with 5-fold cross-validation for stability assessment. Results: All strains were resistant to meropenem but intermediate to colistin. The combination showed synergy in 77% and additivity in 23%. A logarithmic model FIC = 0.649 - 0.155 × ln(Mero) - 0.227 × ln(Col) achieved high accuracy (R² = 0.554). The model demonstrated 95% sensitivity and 75% specificity for synergy prediction with an overall classification accuracy of 88.5%. Conclusion: This is the first study applying machine learning for quantitative FIC prediction. While offering potential research applications, clinical implementation requires extensive validation, given recent evidence against therapeutic efficacy of this combination.
Antibacterial acƟvity of essential oil and leaf extracts from Cleistocalyx operculatus Roxb. Merr. et Perry (Myrtaceae)
Background: Cleistocalyx operculatus is a tradiƟonal medicinal plant widely consumed in Vietnam and known to contain various bioacƟve consƟtuents. However, comparaƟve data on the anƟbacterial acƟvity of its leaf essenƟal oil and solvent extracts remain limited. ObjecƟve: This study aimed to compare the anƟbacterial acƟvity of the essenƟal oil and different leaf extracts of C. operculatus against selected bacterial strains. Materials and methods: Dried leaves of C. operculatus were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extracƟon using 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and disƟlled water. The total flavonoid content was determined using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. EssenƟal oil was obtained from fresh leaves by steam disƟllaƟon. AnƟbacterial acƟvity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Bacillus subƟlis ATCC 6633 using the agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentraƟon (MIC) values were determined by agar diluƟon. Results: The 70% ethanol extract showed the highest TFC (35.963 mg QE/g dry extract) and the strongest anƟbacterial acƟvity, parƟcularly against S. aureus (MIC 0.3125 mg/mL). The water extract exhibited moderate acƟvity, whereas the 50% ethanol extract showed limited effects. EssenƟal oil was acƟve only against Gram-posiƟve bacteria with MIC values of 0.50% against S. aureus and 1.00% against B. subƟlis Conclusion: The 70% ethanol extract demonstrated the greatest anƟbacterial potenƟal, while the leaf essenƟal oil exhibited selecƟve acƟvity against Gram-posiƟve bacteria. These findings support the potenƟal of C. operculatus leaves as a promising source of natural anƟbacterial agents for further invesƟgaƟon.
The flipped classroom approach to enhancing reading skills and engagement among first-year EFL students
This study invesƟgates the impact of the flipped classroom model on reading comprehension and classroom engagement among first-year non-English major university students. Grounded in learner-centered pedagogy and construcƟvist theory, the flipped approach provided students with access to instrucƟonal materials before class and opportuniƟes for interacƟve, task-based acƟviƟes during class. A mixed-methods design was adopted, combining reading comprehension tests with semi-structured interviews to capture both academic outcomes and le arner experiences. Findings revealed that although post-test scores were lower due to the increased difficulty of academic texts, students demonstrated higher moƟvaƟon, confidence, and engagement in classroom tasks. The flipped classroom was also perceived as enhancing collaboraƟon and independent learning by allowing students to come to class beƩer prepared and ready to parƟcipate acƟvely. Challenges remained in terms of self-paced study, parƟcularly Ɵme management and maintaining consistent preparaƟon. Overall, the results suggest that flipped instrucƟon can strengthen students' readiness for academic reading and foster higher levels of engagement and moƟvaƟon, provided that adequate support for self-regulated learning is incorporated.
Morphological and DNA barcode characterisƟcs of Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright collected from Chu Yang Sin NaƟonal Park, Dak Lak Province
IntroducƟon: Dioscorea zingiberensis is a medicinal herb with significant nutriƟonal and pharmacological value. It is listed in both the Vietnam Red Data Book and the Red List of Medicinal Plants of Vietnam, and first idenƟfied in Chu Yang Sin NaƟonal Park, Dak Lak Province. ObjecƟve: This study aimed to invesƟgate the morphological and anatomical characterisƟcs of Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright collected from Chu Yang Sin NaƟonal Park, Dak Lak. Methods: Roots, stems, and leaves were idenƟfied based on morphological and anatomical analysis, combined with gene sequencing using the Sanger method. The obtained sequences were compared with reference sequences available in the GenBank database. Results: The results illustrated D. zingiberensis is an herbaceous, climbing plant with leŌ-twining stems; leaves are heart-shaped, alternate, and bear two small spines; the fruit is a capsule; and the rhizome is horizontal, light brown, and bears numerous hard, fibrous roots. The microscopic observaƟons of the stems, leaves, and roots revealed characterisƟc anatomical features of the genus Dioscorea, which help disƟnguish the species from closely related taxa. DNA sequencing results demonstrated a high degree of similarity between the studied sequence and the published D. zingiberensis sequences in GenBank, confirming accurate species idenƟficaƟon. Conclusion: This study established a reference dataset on the morphology, anatomy, and DNA barcode of D. zingiberensis collected from Chu Yang Sin, contribuƟng to the accurate idenƟficaƟon, conservaƟon, and sustainable uƟlizaƟon of Dioscorea geneƟc resources in Vietnam.
Development and validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method for quantification of total oleanolic acid in Achyranthes aspera L.
Background: Achyranthes aspera L. is a medicinal plant commonly found in Vietnam, tradiƟonally used for its cooling properƟes and therapeuƟc effects on the liver and kidneys, including relieving consƟpaƟon, reducing blood pressure, and treaƟng hepaƟƟs and polyarthriƟs. The major bioacƟve consƟtuents include saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and oleanolic acid - a triterpenoid considered a potenƟal marker compound for quality control. ObjecƟve: This study aimed to establish and validate a reliable analyƟcal procedure for quanƟfying total oleanolic acid in A. aspera to enhance the standardizaƟon of its quality assessment. Method: Chromatographic separaƟon was achieved on a Shim-pack GIST C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a Shimadzu LC-2030C 3D Plus system. An isocraƟc mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid (80:20, v/v) was employed, and detecƟon was performed at 190 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 40°C, with an injecƟon volume of 20 μL and a total run Ɵme of 20 minutes. Results: The method exhibited excellent linearity over 0.51 - 147.4 µg/mL (R² = 0.9995). Accuracy, confirmed by recovery tests, ranged from 97.03% to 101.22%, and precision was confirmed with a relaƟve standard deviaƟon (RSD) of 3.3%, demonstraƟng the method's reliability and suitability for the quanƟficaƟon of oleanolic acid in Achyranthes aspera. Conclusion: the validated HPLC-DAD method provides a precise, sensiƟve, and reproducible tool for the quality control and standardizaƟon of Achyranthes aspera, facilitaƟng its applicaƟon in research and the development of standardized herbal products.
Governance dimensions driving the urbanization-green growth nexus: Evidence from Asian economies
In the context of many Asian economies struggling to balance rapid urbanizaƟon with green growth objecƟves, governance emerges as a key factor shaping the development trajectory. This study examines the role of governance dimensions in influencing the relaƟonship between urbanizaƟon and green growth across 32 Asian countries from 1996 to 2021. Employing the two-step system GMM approach, the results indicate that urbanizaƟon iniƟally exerts a negaƟve effect on green growth; however, this effect turns posiƟve as governance improves. Among the governance indicators, control of corrupƟon exerts the strongest influence, followed by government effecƟveness, voice and accountability, and rule of law. In contrast, regulatory quality appears limited, as many environmental policies remain largely formalisƟc, while poliƟcal stability and security show no staƟsƟcally significant impact. Based on these findings, the study proposes several policy implicaƟons to strengthen governance quality in specific areas, thereby transforming urbanizaƟon into a driver of sustainable and inclusive green growth.
Applying role-play to foster language and cultural competence in East Asian language majors at Hong Bang International University
This study examines the effecƟveness of role-playing as a pedagogical approach for enhancing language proficiency and intercultural communicaƟve competence (ICC) among university students majoring in Japanese, Chinese, and Korean at Hong Bang InternaƟonal University. Grounded in experienƟal learning theory and intercultural competence frameworks, the research adopted a mixed-methods design involving 120 parƟcipants across the three language majors. QuanƟtaƟve data were collected through pre- and post-tests assessing speaking performance, while qualitaƟve data were obtained from surveys, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observaƟons to contextualize learning outcomes. The results indicate overall improvements in learners' oral fluency, grammaƟcal accuracy, and interacƟonal ability following the roleplaying intervenƟon, with varying degrees of gain across the three language majors. Japanese majors demonstrated comparaƟvely higher post-test gains, while Chinese and Korean majors also showed consistent improvement. In terms of intercultural communicaƟve competence, students exhibited enhanced aƫtudinal openness, interpreƟve skills, and behavioral adaptability. QualitaƟve findings further suggest that role-playing supported contextualized language use and increased learner engagement, although challenges related to vocabulary limitaƟons and performance anxiety remained. These findings highlight the pedagogical value of role-playing in fostering both linguisƟc development and intercultural awareness in foreign language educaƟon. The study contributes empirical evidence supporƟng the systemaƟc integraƟon of role-play acƟviƟes into language curricula, parƟcularly for high-context languages and mulƟlingual classroom contexts.
The impact of job autonomy and job analysis on turnover intention: An empirical study of the mediaƟng role of continuance commitment
This study examines the indirect effects of job autonomy and job analysis on turnover intenƟons through conƟnuance commitment, framed by Social Exchange Theory. A cross-secƟonal survey was conducted across mulƟple industries, and data were analyzed using ParƟal Least Squares Structural EquaƟon Modeling (PLSSEM). The results demonstrate that job analysis clarity posiƟvely predicts conƟnuance commitment (β = 0.377), while autonomy shows a slight negaƟve relaƟonship (β = -0.147). In turn, conƟnuance commitment significantly reduces turnover intenƟons (β = -0.418), explaining 17.5% of its variance. These findings suggest that clear job roles strengthen employees' raƟonal investment in the organizaƟon, whereas high autonomy may enhance percepƟons of external mobility. The study contributes theoreƟcally by extending Social Exchange Theory and Job CharacterisƟcs Theory to explain how job design influences not only affecƟve but also calculaƟve forms of commitment. PracƟcally, the findings highlight that organizaƟons can improve retenƟon by providing role clarity and structuring autonomy in ways that develop job-specific experƟse and increase employees' perceived value of staying.
Development of a virtual cockpit system using Web 3D/360 technology for CASA C-295 aircraŌ
Virtual Reality and Web 3D/360 technologies are experiencing rapid development and are increasingly applied in military training systems to enhance training effecƟveness and minimize operaƟonal risks. This paper presents the research and development process of a virtual cockpit simulaƟon system for the CASA C- 295 aircraŌ based on Web 3D/360 technology. The system is designed with a layered architecture, integraƟng 360-degree panoramic environments, interacƟve 3D models, technical documentaƟon, and mulƟmedia content, enabling flexible deployment across various devices, including web browsers and VR headsets. The system construcƟon involves capturing real cockpit panoramas, processing images, creaƟng 3D models, and linking content through a metadata framework. The system was piloted at the 918th Air Regiment and received posiƟve feedback, with high saƟsfacƟon levels reported by both training experts and trainees. Results indicate that the system has significant potenƟal to support technical training, improve spaƟal awareness, and foster self-paced learning among trainees, while also serving as a cost-effecƟve and efficient soluƟon in the process of digital transformaƟon in military educaƟon and training.
An automated assessment system for data structures and algorithms with diverse question types and knowledge-driven evaluation
This paper proposes an automated assessment system for Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) that supports eight diverse quesƟon types-MulƟple-Choice QuesƟons (MCQ), Fill-in-the-Blank Number (FN), Fillin-the-Blank Number Sequence (FNS), Fill-in-the-Blank Programming Syntax (FPS), Fill-in-the-Blank Short String (FSS), Fill-in-the-Blank Expression/Formula (FE), Matching Pairs (MP), and Programming Exercises (PE)-across seven difficulty levels (Easy to Expert). Leveraging Bloom's Taxonomy and psychometric parameters (difficulty: p, discriminaƟon: d), the system uses knowledge matrices to integrate Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs), six content chapters, and cogniƟve levels, enabling adapƟve test generaƟon for quizzes, midterms, and exams. Automated scoring employs exact matching for MCQ/MP/FN/FNS, paƩern matching for FPS/FSS, symbolic evaluaƟon for FE, and test-case evaluaƟon for PE. The system tracks knowledge progression across tests, per topic, and per CLO, providing comprehensive feedback. IniƟal implementaƟons have shown the system's ability to improve assessment quality, decrease grading efforts, and facilitate data-driven teaching approaches in technical fields such as DSA.