Psychological well-being of repatriated international migrant workers: A literature review

Abstract

This article provides a systematic review of both domestic and international studies to elucidate the psychological well-being of international migrant workers upon return, focusing on two main dimensions: emotional experiences and psychological adaptation. Based on 18 selected publications from scientific databases and research reports of organizations between 2014 and 2024, the study synthesizes empirical evidence on emotional experiences and psychological adjustment among returnee migrant workers. The findings reveal that returnees often experience complex and contradictory emotional states, in which the joy and pride of reunion and returning home coexist with psychological difficulties such as anxiety, depression, feelings of shame, isolation, and identity crises during the initial reintegration phase, particularly when they lose their occupational role or social status. However, protective factors such as family support, community connection, religious faith, and individual resilience contribute to emotional stability and positive adaptation. Psychological adaptation emerges as a central pillar of sustainable reintegration, influenced by both individual factors (pre-return preparation, and coping capacity) and social factors (support networks and social recognition). The study underscores the necessity of integrating mental health care and psychosocial counseling into policies supporting returnee migrant workers to enhance the quality of life and promote sustainable reintegration in Vietnam. The synthesized evidence from this review contributes to the development of evidence-based psychosocial support policies for returnee migrant workers in Vietnam.