SUMMARY OF CONTENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THOMAS HOBBES' POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY IN HIS WORK "LEVIATHAN" AND IDENTIFIED ISSUES

Tóm tắt

"Leviathan" (1651) is the core work of T. Hobbes' political philosophy, which was published after the end of the civil war. The historical context of England during the bourgeois revolution and the civil war profoundly influenced T. Hobbes' political view in "Leviathan", with highlights being his theory of social contract, the relationship between the state and citizens, between right and law, between freedom and necessity... The basic features of T. Hobbes' political philosophy in "Leviathan" can be summarized as follows: First, T. Hobbes' political philosophy faithfully and vividly reflects the reality of England in mid-17th century; second, it unites ontology, epistemology, and socio-politics; and third, there is the presence of some elements of deism. From those characteristics, values and lessons for the modern era can be drawn as follows: historical regulation of the formation of political institutions, the quality of the head of the state and the control of power, the relationship between "right" and  “law", between freedom and responsibility of citizens, peace as the "first law" in human relations, security and stability as conditions for social development, and the current process of building the socialist law-ruled country of Vietnam