A study of the “House-on-Bridge” architectural type through the case of the “Khong Bridge” relic in Ninh Binh

Abstract

The article focuses on studying a unique architectural form known as the “House-on-Bridge” a characteristic feature of the former Sơn Nam territory, which combines transportation functions with architectural, cultural, and spiritual elements. One representative example is the heritage site “Không Bridge” (now located in Bắc Lý Commune, Ninh Bình Province). According to the historical record Khâm ban đồng bài (Imperially bestowed bronze plaque), the bridge was constructed during the reign of King Lê Thánh Tông. It originally consisted of 21 compartments, featured ironwood columns, a tiled roof, and a central shrine dedicated to a deity. At present, the local authorities still preserve the historical manuscript (dated to the 15th century), which includes a photograph taken in 1939 and a remaining ironwood (lim) column. Therefore, studying the values of Không Bridge provides significant scientific foundations for its original reconstruction and for connecting surrounding heritage sites, thereby contributing to the development of cultural and spiritual tourism in the locality.