DESIGN OF AN AUTONOMOUS MONITORING SYSTEM APPLYING IOT AND SOLAR ENERGY FOR AQUACULTURE

Tóm tắt

Reliable and continuous water-quality monitoring is critical for sustaining modern aquaculture systems. This paper presents the design and implementation of a solar-powered autonomous monitoring platform based on Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies. The proposed system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller with pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity sensors, while autonomous navigation is achieved using a NEO-8M GPS receiver and a digital compass to follow predefined survey paths. A LoRa communication module enables long-range data transmission to a central monitoring station, where measurements are visualized through an Android application that supports real-time tracking and manual control. Experimental evaluations indicate stable performance, with measurement errors below 5% for temperature, 2.5-6% for pH, and 0.066% for TDS. The GPS subsystem exhibits a positional deviation of 2-3 m which is acceptable for pond-scale aquaculture monitoring applications, and LoRa communication remains reliable within a 15-m range under the tested environmental conditions. The system provides an average off-sunlight operating duration of 1.87 h with the current battery capacity and motor operating configuration. The results confirm the feasibility of the proposed platform and demonstrate its potential for scalable, energy-efficient, and automated water-quality monitoring in aquaculture applications.