Effect of laser peak power on LIDAR's ability to detect UAVs under changing atmospheric conditions

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive Link Budget analysis for optimizing laser peak power in a UAV detection LIDAR (light detection and ranging) system operating under variable atmospheric conditions. The analytical model combines Beer-Lambert atmospheric transmission law, Lambertian target scattering, and APD characteristics to establish relationships between power and range across four atmospheric scenarios (α ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 km^-1). Validated through Monte Carlo simulations, our analysis demonstrates that maintaining P_d = 0.9 for 0.3×0.3 m UAV targets at 1000 m requires adaptive power control from 3.75 kW to 10.18 kW. This research provides quantitative parameters for designing intelligent LIDAR systems with adaptive power modulation capability responsive to atmospheric conditions. Consequently, the system reduces power consumption by 40-60% compared to legacy systems that must continuously operate at maximum peak power regardless of clear or foggy atmospheric states.