Preliminary estimation of emission factors for motorcycles in real-world traffic conditions of Hanoi

Abstract

This paper presents a method to estimate emission factors of motorcycles based on the local driving cycle and modal emissions measured in the laboratory. This method was developed to reflect real-world motorcycle traffic conditions of Hanoi, Vietnam as well as to correspond to the economical - technical infrastructure of Vietnam.

Applying into the  estimation  of  emission  factors of four selected air pollutants  of motorcycles including HC (hydrocarbons), CO (carbon monoxide), CO₂ (carbon  dioxide)  and NO_x (as NO), the following results were obtained: 1.109 (g/km), 11.355 (g/km), 43.971 (g/km) and 0.124 (g/km), respectively. These emission factors are a significant contribution to Vietnam database of emission factors that are still scarce.Emission factors obtained in this study would also help improve the  accuracy of emission models and emission  inventories, which plays an important role in air quality management and traffic planning of Hanoi, Vietnam.