DISTRIBUTION OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPs) OF Y CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUP C IN VIETNAMESE

Abstract

Markers  on the non-recombining  portion  of the human  Y chromosome  continue  to have  applications  in many fields including  evolutionary  biology,  forensics,  medical  genetics,  and  genealogical  reconstruction.  Y-chromosome haplogroup C appears to have arisen shortly after  modem humans left Africa  and is estimated to be  approximately  50,000  years  old.  This  haplogroup  can  be  ttaced  across  the  southem  Arabian  Peninsula through Pakistan and India into Sri Lanka and Austtalia,  and Southeast Asia. Paragroup  (C*) is found  on the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, and in parts of South East Asia. The rare Cl  lineage appears to be restricted to Japan.  C2  is  found  predominantly  in New  Guinea,  Melanesia,  and  Polynesia.  The  successful  C3  lineage  is believed  to  have  originated  in  Southeast  or  Centtal  Asia,  spreading  from  there  into  Northem  Asia  and  the America. To investigate a disttibution of Y chromosome variation in Vietnamese, three SNP markers C-M38, C-M216, and C-M217, belonging to haplogroups C2, C, and C3, respectively, were typed in 280 male samples

from Kinh (Viet) ethnic group living in the North Vietnam. Of samples genotyped, marker C-M38, with T->G ttansversion at  polymorphism  site,  8  samples  presented  as  G  with  disttibution  frequency  of  2.85%.  Eight samples presented  as T at the polymorphism  site by C-M216 marker,  with  C->T ttansition with  distribution frequency of  2.85%. Thirty  samples  presented  as  C  at  polymorphism  site  by  C-M217  marker  (with  A->C ttansversion), with  10.7% frequency. The distribution frequency of the haplogroup  C3 of Y chromosome  in Vietnamese was relatively high, while the C and C2 were quite low in the Kinh (Viet) ethnic group living in the North Vietnam.